In Class 9, Rationalisation is one of the most important chapters. RD Sharma solutions for class 9 Chapter 3 is about different algebraic identities and rationalisation of the denominator. A rationalisation is a process by which radicals in the denominator of a fraction are eliminated. In this chapter, students will learn to simplify algebraic expressions using identities. Students are advised to memorize all the identities before they attempt any rationalisation question. To download pdf of chapter 3 click on the below link.

Access Answers to Maths RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Chapter 3 Rationalisation

Exercise 3.1

Question 1: Simplify each of the following:

Solution:

(i)

(ii)

Question 2: Simplify the following expressions:

(i) (4 + √7) (3 + √2)

(ii) (3 + √3)(5- √2 )

(iii) (√5 -2)( √3 – √5)

Solution:

(i) (4 + √7) (3 + √2)

= 12 + 4√2 + 3√7 + √14

(ii) (3 + √3)(5- √2 )

= 15 – 3√2 + 5√3 – √6

(iii) (√5 -2)( √3 – √5)

= √15 – √25 – 2√3 + 2√5

= √15 – 5 – 2√3 + 2√5

Question 3: Simplify the following expressions:

(i) (11 + √11) (11 – √11)

(ii) (5 + √7) (5 –√7 )

(iii) (√8 – √2 ) (√8 + √2 )

(iv) (3 + √3) (3 – √3)

(v) (√5 – √2) (√5 + √2)

Solution:

Using Identity: (a – b)(a+b) = a2 – b2

(i) (11 + √11) (11 – √11)

= 112 – (√11)2

= 121 – 11

= 110

(ii) (5 + √7) (5 –√7 )

= (52 – (√7)2 )

= 25 – 7 = 18

(iii) (√8 – √2 ) (√8 + √2 )

= (√8)2 – (√2 ) 2

= 8 -2

= 6

(iv) (3 + √3) (3 – √3)

= (3)2 – (√3)2

= 9 – 3

= 6

(v) (√5 – √2) (√5 + √2)

=(√5)2 – (√2)2

= 5 – 2

= 3

Question 4: Simplify the following expressions:

(i) (√3 + √7)2

(ii) (√5 – √3)2

(iii) (2√5 + 3√2 )2

Solution:

Using identities: (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab and (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

(i) (√3 + √7)2

= (√3)2 + (√7)2 + 2(√3)( √7)

= 3 + 7 + 2√21

= 10 + 2√21

(ii) (√5 – √3)2

= (√5)2 + (√3)2 – 2(√5)( √3)

= 5 + 3 – 2√15

= 8 – 2√15

(iii) (2√5 + 3√2 )2

= (2√5)2 + (3√2 )2 + 2(2√5 )( 3√2)

= 20 + 18 + 12√10

= 38 + 12√10

Exercise 3.2

Question 1: Rationalise the denominators of each of the following (i – vii):

(i) 3/ √5 (ii) 3/(2 √5) (iii) 1/ √12 (iv) √2/ √5

(v) (√3 + 1)/ √2 (vi) (√2 + √5)/ √3 (vii) 3 √2/ √5

Solution:

(i) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to rationalise the denominator.

= 3√5/5

(ii) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to rationalise the denominator.

(iii) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to rationalise the denominator.

(iv) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to rationalise the denominator.

(v) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to rationalise the denominator.

(vi) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to rationalise the denominator.

(vii) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to rationalise the denominator.

Question 2: Find the value to three places of decimals of each of the following. It is given that

√2 = 1.414, √3 = 1.732, √5 = 2.236 and √10 = 3.162

Solution:

Question 3: Express each one of the following with rational denominator:

Solution:

Using identity: (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2

(i) Multiply and divide given number by 3−√2

(ii) Multiply and divide given number by √6 + √5

(iii) Multiply and divide given number by √41 + 5

(iv) Multiply and divide given number by 5√3 + 3√5

(v) Multiply and divide given number by 2√5 + √3

(vi) Multiply and divide given number by 2√2 + √3

(vii) Multiply and divide given number by 6 – 4√2

(viii) Multiply and divide given number by 2√5 + 3

(ix) Multiply and divide given number by √(a2+b2) – a

Question 4: Rationales the denominator and simplify:

Solution:

[Use identities: (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2 ; (a + b)2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2 and (a – b)2 = (a2 – 2ab + b2 ]

(i) Multiply both numerator and denominator by √3–√2 to rationalise the denominator.

(ii) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 7–4√3 to rationalise the denominator.

(iii) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 3+2√2 to rationalise the denominator.

(iv) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 3√5+2√6 to rationalise the denominator.

(v) Multiply both numerator and denominator by √48–√18 to rationalise the denominator.

(vi) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 2√2 – 3√3 to rationalise the denominator.

Exercise VSAQs

Question 1: Write the value of (2 + √3) (2 – √3).

Solution:

(2 + √3) (2 – √3)

= (2)2 – (√3)2

[Using identity : (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2]

= 4 – 3

= 1

Question 2: Write the reciprocal of 5 + √2.

Solution:

Question 3: Write the rationalisation factor of 7 – 3√5.

Solution:

Rationalisation factor of 7 – 3√5 is 7 + 3√5

Question 4: If

Find the values of x and y.

Solution:

[Using identities : (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2 and (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab]

Question 5: If x = √2 – 1, then write the value of 1/x.

Solution:

x = √2 – 1

or 1/x = 1/(√2 – 1)

Rationalising denominator, we have

= 1/(√2 – 1) x (√2 + 1)/(√2 + 1)

= (√2 + 1)/(2-1)

= √2 + 1

Question 6: Simplify

Solution:

[ Because: (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab ]

Question 7: Simplify

Solution:

[ Because: (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab ]

Question 8: If a = √2 +1, then find the value of a – 1/a.

Solution:

Given: a = √2 + 1

1/a = 1/(√2 + 1)

= 1/(√2 + 1) x (√2 – 1)/(√2 – 1)

= (√2 – 1)/ ((√2)2 – (1)2)

= (√2 – 1)/1

= √2 – 1

Now,

a – 1/a = (√2 + 1) – (√2 – 1)

= 2

Question 9: If x = 2 + √3, find the value of x + 1/x.

Solution:

Given: x = 2 + √3

1/x = 1/(2 + √3)

= 1/(2 + √3) x (2 – √3)/(2 – √3)

= (2 – √3)/ ((2)2 – (√3)2)

= (2 – √3)/(4-3)

= (2 – √3)

Now,

x + 1/x = (2 + √3) + (2 – √3)

= 4

Question 10: Write the rationalisation factor of √5 – 2.

Solution:

Rationalisation factor of √5 – 2 is √5 + 2

Question 11: If x = 3 + 2√2, then find the value of √x – 1/√x.

Solution: